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This portal is dedicated to the knowledge of ancient warfare in ancient times, focusing on the early antiquity up to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, roughly 3500 years of warfare. With the help of the best web sources, ancient authors, archaeological evidences, recreations, illustrations, maps, animations, and screenshots from the highly praized Total War video game serie, choosed by history channel (Sega(r) - Creative assembly(r))

01/02/2020: The Cavaros


The Cavaroi (sing. Cavaros) or Cauaros, "Champion" was the staple of the elite battle lines in Gallic and Celtic warfare. Numerous and of low extraction, provoking the enemy in single duels or the absolute elite kept as a trophy by a Chieftain or Noble, the Champion tradtion, very ancient, survived in the Celtic folklore long after the fall of the Roman Empire. Who where they ? What ws their status and how they were fighting... Everything and more you want to know about the topic is here.

More on the Cavaros


Ancient-battles peeks into the ancient "sea peoples" or the achaeans and minoans from the bronze age and homeric times, but also the Mauryan empire and T'sin armies, the steppe peoples, the Celts, as the early, or at the opposite, very late romans, like the western "barbarized" ones, or the Byzantine, "Hellenized" romans. What we know apart the famous "triplex acies" of pre-marian times, triarii, principes, hastati, equites, and velites?
Before was a very early roman army composed of aristocratic cavalry or Celeres, derived from the Etruscan nobility, and a heavy phalanx composed mainly on spearmen by classes, and a reformed army by Dictator and general Marcus Furius Camilius, with six Censes classes, with rorarii, leves and accensii...
And what we know about the greek classic armies at this time, with hoplites and meprised psiloi and hippiko, and their opponents, the persians, and beyond the sparabara, takabara, kardaka and other troops ? -The greek-city states age became, with the Macedonian rise, the Hellenistic era, which created terms like "phalangitai, hypaspistai, chalkaspidai, argyraspidai, Leucaspidai, akontistai, peltastai, thureophoroi, toxotai, sphendonetai, thorakitai, hetairoi, prodromoi" were known and became a model for all combined army from the Herakles columns to the Indus river... A true encyclopedia of ancient warfare.



Agris helmet

Splendid example of cross-culture in the IVth Century BC, the Agris ceremonial helmet of the era, widely decorated in Greek and Celtic patterns.

Previous entries

Indo-greeks The Celts Cavaros Cataphract Romphaiorioi Chalkaspidai Samnite warfare Judaean Warfare Chalkaspidai Indian warfare Etruscan warfare Numidian warfare Devotio Warrior Ancient Chinese warfare Scythian Horse archer The Ambactos Iberian warfare Illyrian warriors Germanic spearmen Carthaginian Hoplite Corsico-Sardinians Thracian Peltast Caetrati Ensiferi Hippakontistai Hastati Gaesatae Cretan Archer Thorakitai Soldurii Iphikrates Kardaka The thureophoroi

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